Abstract:Abstract： LI Dongyuan， inheriting the principle of the "qi monism" from the Huang Di Nei Jing （The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic） and following the essence of "ascending，descending，floating，and sinking" from the Yishui School， developed the academic thought that the spleen and stomach serve as the pivot of qi movement. His works， including Pi Wei Lun （Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach） and Nei Wai Shang Bian Huo Lun （Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes）， hold significant guiding value for the differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous internal diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Examining his academic essence， the core pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus should be attributed to "disordered qi movement"： spleen-stomach deficiency with insufficient qi movement serves as the root of the disease；failure of clear yang to ascend and turbid yin to descend leads to upward rushing of yin fire and stagnation of the triple energizer throughout the course of the disease，giving rise to secondary pathological products such as blood stasis and phlegm-damp. Based on LI Dongyuan's therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus，the authors extract systematic treatment principles centered on "restoring the normal ascending，descending， entering，and exiting of qi movement." These coordinated approaches aim to restore the pivotal function of the spleen and stomach and the normalcy of systemic qi transformation，thus providing a reference for the modern differentiation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional Chinese medicine.
